529 research outputs found
Very large scale structures in growing neutrino quintessence
A quintessence scalar field or cosmon interacting with neutrinos can have
important effects on cosmological structure formation. Within growing neutrino
models the coupling becomes effective only in recent times, when neutrinos
become non-relativistic, stopping the evolution of the cosmon. This can explain
why dark energy dominates the universe only in a rather recent epoch by
relating the present dark energy density to the small mass of neutrinos. Such
models predict the presence of stable neutrino lumps at supercluster scales
(~200 Mpc and bigger), caused by an attractive force between neutrinos which is
stronger than gravity and mediated by the cosmon. We present a method to follow
the initial non-linear formation of neutrino lumps in physical space, by
integrating numerically on a 3D grid non-linear evolution equations, until
virialization naturally occurs. As a first application, we show results for
cosmologies with final large neutrino average mass ~2 eV: in this case,
neutrino lumps indeed form and mimic very large cold dark matter structures,
with a typical gravitational potential 10^{-5} for a lump size ~10 Mpc, and
reaching larger values for lumps of about 200 Mpc. A rough estimate of the
cosmological gravitational potential at small k in the non-linear regime,
Phi_nu = 10^{-6} (k/k_0)^{-2}, 1.2x10^{-2} h/Mpc < k_0 < 7.8x10^{-2} h/Mpc,
turns out to be many orders of magnitude smaller than an extrapolation of the
linear evolution of density fluctuations. The size of the neutrino-induced
gravitational potential could modify the spectrum of CMB anisotropies for small
angular momenta.Comment: 17 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D,
minor changes and correction
Non-linear Matter Spectra in Coupled Quintessence
We consider cosmologies in which a dark-energy scalar field interacts with
cold dark matter. The growth of perturbations is followed beyond the linear
level by means of the time-renormalization-group method, which is extended to
describe a multi-component matter sector. Even in the absence of the extra
interaction, a scale-dependent bias is generated as a consequence of the
different initial conditions for baryons and dark matter after decoupling. The
effect is enhanced significantly by the extra coupling and can be at the 2-3
percent level in the range of scales of baryonic acoustic oscillations. We
compare our results with N-body simulations, finding very good agreement.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, typo correcte
Scaling solutions in scalar-tensor cosmologies
The possibility of a connection between dark energy and gravity through a
direct coupling in the Lagrangian of the underlying theory has acquired an
increasing interest due to the recently discovered capability of the extended
quintessence model to encompass the fine-tuning problem of the cosmological
constant. The gravity induced "R-boost" mechanism is indeed responsible for an
early, enhanced scalar field dynamics, by virtue of which the residual imprint
of a wide set of initial field values is cancelled out. The initial conditions
problem is particularly relevant, as the most recent observations indicate that
the dark energy equation of state approaches, at the present time, the
cosmological constant value, wDE = -1; if confirmed, such observational
evidence would cancel the advantage of a standard, minimally coupled scalar
field as a Dark Energy candidate instead of the cosmological constant, because
of the huge fine tuning it would require. We give here a general classification
of the scalar-tensor gravity theories admitting R-boost solutions scaling as a
power of the cosmological redshift, outlining those behaving as an attractor
for the quintessence field. In particular, we show that all the R-boost
solutions with the dark energy density scaling as the relativistic matter or
shallower represent attractors. This analysis is exhaustive as for the
classification of the couplings which admit R-boost and the subsequent
enlargement of the basin of attraction enclosing the initial scalar field
values.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, published on JCA
Coupled quintessence and the coincidence problem
We consider a model of interacting cosmological constant/quintessence, where
dark matter and dark energy behave as, respectively, two coexisting phases of a
fluid, a thermally excited Bose component and a condensate, respectively. In a
simple phenomenological model for the dark components interaction we find that
their energy density evolution is strongly coupled during the universe
evolution. This feature provides a possible way out for the coincidence problem
affecting many quintessence models.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure
Phantom Mimicry on the Normal Branch of a DGP-inspired Braneworld Scenario with Curvature Effect
It has been shown recently that phantom-like effect can be realized on the
normal branch of the DGP setup without introduction of any phantom matter
neither in the bulk nor on the brane and therefore without violation of the
null energy condition. It has been shown also that inclusion of the
Gauss-Bonnet term in the bulk action modifies this picture via curvature
effects. Here, based on the Lue-Starkman conjecture on the dynamical screening
of the brane cosmological constant in the DGP setup, we extend this proposal to
a general DGP-inspired model that stringy effects in the
ultra-violet sector of the theory are taken into account by inclusion of the
Gauss-Bonnet term in the bulk action. We study cosmological dynamics of this
setup, especially its phantom-like behavior and possible crossing of the
phantom divide line especially with a non-minimally coupled quintessence field
on the brane. In this setup, scalar field and curvature quintessence are
treated in a unified framework.Comment: 25 Figures, To appear in MPL
KiDS+GAMA: Constraints on Horndeski gravity from combined large-scale structure probes
We present constraints on Horndeski gravity from a combined analysis of cosmic shear, galaxyâgalaxy lensing and galaxy clustering from 450deg2 of the Kilo-Degree Survey and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey.The Horndeski class of dark energy/modified gravity models includes the majority of universally coupled extensions to ÎCDM with one scalar field in addition to the metric. We study the functions of time that fully describe the evolution of linear perturbations in Horndeski gravity. Our results are compatible throughout with a ÎCDM model. By imposing gravitational wave constraints, we fix the tensor speed excess to zero and consider a subset of models including, e.g. quintessence and f(R) theories. Assuming proportionality of the Horndeski functions αB and αM (kinetic braiding and the Planck mass run rate, respectively) to the dark energy density fraction ΩDE(a) = 1 â Ωm(a), we find for the proportionality coefficients α^B=0.20+0.20â0.33 and α^M=0.25+0.19â0.29â . Our value of S8âĄÏ8Ωm/0.3âââââââ is in better agreement with the Planck estimate when measured in the enlarged Horndeski parameter space than in a pure ÎCDM scenario. In our joint three-probe analysis, we report a downward shift of the S8 best-fitting value from the Planck measurement of ÎS8=0.016+0.048â0.046 in Horndeski gravity, compared to ÎS8=0.059+0.040â0.039 in ÎCDM. Our constraints are robust to the modelling uncertainty of the non-linear matter power spectrum in Horndeski gravity. Our likelihood code for multiprobe analysis in both ÎCDM and Horndeski gravity is publicly available at https://github.com/alessiospuriomancini/KiDSHorndeski
Hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters in dark energy cosmologies - I. General properties
We investigate the influence of dark energy on structure formation, within five different cosmological models, namely a concordance \u39bCDM model, two models with dynamical dark energy, viewed as a quintessence scalar field (using a RP and a SUGRA potential form) and two extended quintessence models (EQp and EQn) where the quintessence scalar field interacts non-minimally with gravity (scalar-tensor theories). We adopted for all models the normalization of the matter power spectrum \u3c38 to match the CMB data. In the models with dynamical dark energy and quintessence, we describe the equation of state with w0 48 120.9, still within the range allowed by observations. For each model, we have performed hydrodynamical simulations in a cosmological box of (300 Mpc h 121)3 including baryons and allowing for cooling and star formation. The contemporary presence of evolving dark energy and baryon physics allows us to investigate the interplay between the different background cosmology and the evolution of the luminous matter. Since cluster baryon fraction can be used to constrain other cosmological parameters such as \u3a9m, we also analyse how dark energy influences the baryon content of galaxy clusters. We find that, in models with dynamical dark energy, the evolving cosmological background leads to different star formation rates and different formation histories of galaxy clusters, but the baryon physics is not affected in a relevant way. We investigate several proxies of the cluster mass function based on X-ray observables like temperature, luminosity, Mgas, and Ygas. We conclude that the X-ray temperature and Mgas functions are better diagnostic to disentangle the growth of structures among different dark energy models. [Abridged
Stretched Horizon and Entropy of Superstars
Amongst the class of supergravity solutions found by Lin, Lunin and
Maldacena, we consider pure and mixed state configurations generated by phase
space densities in the dual fermionic picture. A one-to-one map is constructed
between the phase space densities and piecewise monotonic curves, which
generalize the Young diagrams corresponding to pure states. Within the
fermionic phase space picture, a microscopic formula for the entropy of mixed
states is proposed. Considering thermal ensembles, agreement is found between
the thermodynamic and the proposed microscopic entropies. Furthermore, we study
fluctuations in thermodynamic ensembles for the superstar and compare the
entropy of these ensembles with the area of stretched horizons predicted by the
mean fluctuation size.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, 2 references adde
Reconstruction of the Dark Energy equation of state
One of the main challenges of modern cosmology is to investigate the nature
of dark energy in our Universe. The properties of such a component are normally
summarised as a perfect fluid with a (potentially) time-dependent
equation-of-state parameter . We investigate the evolution of this
parameter with redshift by performing a Bayesian analysis of current
cosmological observations. We model the temporal evolution as piecewise linear
in redshift between `nodes', whose -values and redshifts are allowed to
vary. The optimal number of nodes is chosen by the Bayesian evidence. In this
way, we can both determine the complexity supported by current data and locate
any features present in . We compare this node-based reconstruction with
some previously well-studied parameterisations: the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder
(CPL), the Jassal-Bagla-Padmanabhan (JBP) and the Felice-Nesseris-Tsujikawa
(FNT). By comparing the Bayesian evidence for all of these models we find an
indication towards possible time-dependence in the dark energy
equation-of-state. It is also worth noting that the CPL and JBP models are
strongly disfavoured, whilst the FNT is just significantly disfavoured, when
compared to a simple cosmological constant . We find that our node-based
reconstruction model is slightly disfavoured with respect to the CDM
model.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, minor correction
Neutrino clustering in growing neutrino quintessence
A growing neutrino mass can stop the dynamical evolution of a dark energy
scalar field, thus explaining the 'why now' problem. We show that such models
lead to a substantial neutrino clustering on the scales of superclusters.
Nonlinear neutrino lumps form at redshift z \sim 1 and could partially drag the
clustering of dark matter. If observed, large scale non-linear structures could
be an indication for a new attractive 'cosmon force' stronger than gravity.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
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